BP201T - Human Anatomy and Physiology-2

Scope: This subject is designed to impart fundamental knowledge on the structure and functions of the various systems of the human body. It also helps in understanding both homeostatic mechanisms. The subject provides the basic knowledge required to understand the various disciplines of pharmacy.

Objectives: Upon completion of this course the student should be able to:

1. Explain the gross morphology, structure and functions of various organs of the human body.

2. Describe the various homeostatic mechanisms and their imbalances.
3. Identify the various tissues and organs of different systems of human body.

4. Perform the hematological tests like blood cell counts, hemoglobin estimation, bleeding/clotting time etc. and also record blood pressure, heart rate, pulse and respiratory volume.

5. Appreciate coordinated working pattern of different organs of each system
6. Appreciate the interlinked mechanisms in the maintenance of normal functioning (homeostasis) of human body.

Unit-1

Nervous system
Organization of nervous system, neuron, neuroglia, classification and properties of nerve fiber, electrophysiology, action potential, nerve impulse, receptors, synapse, neurotransmitters.
Central nervous system: Meninges, ventricles of brain and cerebrospinal fluid. Structure and functions of brain (cerebrum, brain stem, cerebellum), spinal cord (gross structure, functions of afferent and efferent nerve tracts, reflex activity)

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Unit-2

  • Digestive system
    Anatomy of GI Tract with special reference to anatomy and functions of stomach, (Acid production in the stomach, regulation of acid production through parasympathetic nervous system, pepsin role in protein digestion) small intestine and large intestine, anatomy and functions of salivary glands, pancreas and liver, movements of GIT, digestion and absorption of nutrients and disorders of GIT.
  • Energetics
    Formation and role of ATP, Creatinine Phosphate and BMR.
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Unit-3

  • Respiratory system
    Anatomy of respiratory system with special reference to anatomy of lungs, mechanism of respiration, regulation of respiration
  • Lung Volumes and capacities transport of respiratory gases, artificial respiration, and resuscitation methods.
  • Urinary system
    Anatomy of urinary tract with special reference to anatomy of kidney and nephrons, functions of kidney and urinary tract, physiology of urine formation, micturition reflex and role of kidneys in acid base balance, role of RAS in kidneyand disorders of kidney.
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Unit-4

  • Endocrine system
    Classification of hormones, mechanism of hormone action, structure and functions of pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland,
    adrenal gland, pancreas, pineal gland, thymus and their disorders.
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Unit-5

  • Reproductive system
    Anatomy of male and female reproductive system, Functions of male and female reproductive system, sex hormones, physiology of menstruation, fertilization, spermatogenesis, oogenesis, pregnancy and parturition
  • Introduction to genetics
    Chromosomes, genes and DNA, protein synthesis, genetic pattern of inheritance
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